Future tense "going to" (Futuro con going to)

We use "going to" to talk about plans. Plans are scheduled and fixed.

Syntax:

S +[ to be + going to + verb (simple form)] + C

Alex is going to travel next week

My father is going to visit us next summer

My children aren't going to do their homework.

Remember that going to is used with the verb to be and therefore we DO NOT use auxiliaries do or does.

Questions:

QW +[ to be + SUBJECT +going to + verb ]+ C

Where are you going to study?

What are you going to do later?

What time is Brian going to come?

Nota: Usamos going to para hablar de planes en el futuro. "going to" muchas veces se traduce como " va a, voy a, vamos a etc)I am going to relax tonight - Voy a relajarme esta noche.
Recuerden que tambien el futuro se puede expresar con "Will" pero ya veremos mas adelante las diferencias.

Típicos errores con going to:
1) Muchos no ponen el verbo to be : I going to work - ERROR- (I am going to work - Correcto)

2) No utilicen el "don't, doesn't para negativos" I don't going to have lunch- ERROR ( I'm not going to have lunch - Correcto)

3) Recuerden de usar el going + el TO. My father is going have a shower- ERROR (My father is going to have a shower - Correcto)

Would you like? vs Do you like?

Some people confuse these a lot and a student sent me an email to explain the differences.

Do you like...?

Like is a verb that is used to describe preferences.
What kind of music do you like? (what is your preference?)
I like salsa. (in general)
What do you like doing?
I like dancing and singing (in general)

- When you express preference or speak in general you can use the infinitive with to or the gerund after the verb like.
Recuerden que para usar el verbo "like" para expresar preferencias o para hablar de gustos en general uno puede usar el verbo con "to" (to + infinitivo) o el gerundio (-ing)

I like to study - I like studying ( Both are possible { I personally prefer I like studying})


Would you like...?
In question it is used to make an invitation or to offer something to someone.

Would you like some coffee? (offer)
Yes, I would.
Would you like to go out with me tonight? (Invitation)
I would love to go out with you.

In affimative you can use would like to express a desire.
I would like to go to USA one day (a desire)

With would you like we DO NOT use gerund (-ing) - Cuando usan "would + like" para hacer invitaciones, ofrecer algo o para expresar deseos, no usar el gerundio (-ing) después de like.

I would like TO STUDY (Correct)
I would like studying (INCORRECT)


would like = want
To express, desire or to make an invitation we can use the verb to want too! (would like is more formal)
I would like some pizza = I want some pizza
Would you like to go dancing? = Do you want to go dancing
Does Maria want more water? = Would Maria like more water?

Recuerden que would like es gustaría y want es querer. En ingles son lo mismo pero would like es mas formal

Modal verbs Can and Could

In general, modal verbs syntax is the same for all:

Affirmative
Subject + [can/could+ verb(simple form)] + Complement

Negative sentences
Subject + [can't/couldn't+ verb(simple form)] + Complement

Question form
Question word + [Can/Could + verb (simple form)] + Complement
USE

A) Ability ( Can : present , Could : past )

To express an ability we use can/could
- Sheila can play the guitar very well
- When I was a child I could play all day.
- Greg can't cook at all.
- Can you speak French?
- Pete could sing when he was in college.

Note:
Remember that when you talk about ability, can is used for present and could or past abilities

B)Possibility: (Can = Could)
When you express possibility can = could.
- I think it (can/could) rain.
- I (can/could) buy a new car because I have a good job.

C) Other uses:

• Can - to ask permission: Can I go to the Bathroom? (May : formal)
• Can / Could you bring me some Coffee? : Ask Favor (Pedir favores)

Nota: Tengan cuidado con traducir el can y could. Esto no ayudara pues como ven, dependiendo del uso, can puede ser igual a could o distinto. No basta decir que can es puedo y could podría. Recordar los usos y serán exitosos. Hagan esto en general pero especialmente con los modal verbs. Aprendan el uso siempre y después si quieren lo interpretan en español.

Prepositions of place (in/on/at)

In general, we use:
at for a point (en un punto)
in for an enclosed (espacio cerrado)
on for a surface (sobre la superficie)

at used before :
- general locations, the airport, home, night, a bus stop, a party, the station
- times e.g. 6:35, quarter to five etc

in used before:
- countries, rooms
- months, seasons (winter, summer), years

at used before:
- transport (plane,, a bus, etc)
- over a surface(on the floor, wall, shelf)
- days and dates

Exceptions: These always go together: (estos siempre van juntos)
at home----------in a car--------------on a bus
at work-----------in a taxi--------------on a train
at school----------in a helicopter---------on a plane
at university------in a boat-------------on a ship
at college---------in a lift (elevator)-----on a bicycle, on a motorbike
at the bottom-----in the sky------------on the radio, on television
at the side--------in a row-------------on the left, on the right


Look at these examples:
Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.
The shop is at the end of the street.
My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.
When will you arrive at the office?
Do you work in an office?
I have a meeting in New York.
Do you live in Japan?
Jupiter is in the Solar System.
The author's name is on the cover of the book.
There are no prices on this menu.
You are standing on my foot.
There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London

Nota:
El problema de estas preposiciones es que la traducción muchas veces de in/on/at es "en" y en ciertos casos uno puede elejir "in" o "at"Si uno dice "Estoy en el banco" ¿como es que lo dice en ingles? Bueno uno tiene solo dos opciones pues "on" es sobre la superficie. "At" siempre se refiere a una localizacion general y "in" es específicamente dentro de una edificio. Entonces si uno dice "I" am at the bank" es en general pero "I am in the bank" quieres especificar que uno esta dentro de el edificio. Como ven uno puede decir los dos siempre y cuando no este en la lista de excepciones.

Questions words (most popular)

Question words are used to ask about specific qualities, times, places, people, etc. They are different from yes / no questions (Do you live in France?). This chart provides question words, the use and example sentences. Study the question words, understand the uses and then look at the examples. Try to think of a few examples of your own. At the end, take the on the next page testing question words.

Who (quien / quienes)
Use: Asking about people
Examples:
Who do you like?Who studies Russian?

What (que / cual)
Use: Asking about things or activities
Examples:
What does he do at weekends? What is that?

What kind of / type of (que tipo/clase de)
Use: Asking about specific things or characteristics
Examples:
What type of car do you drive? What kind of person is he?

What time (a que hora)
Use: Asking for a specific time
Examples:
What time is it? What time does the show begin?

What... like (como - para describir- como estuvo el clima, como es Maria)
Use: Asking about characteristics
Examples:
What was the weather like? What is Mary like?

When
Use: Asking about general or specific times
Examples:
When do you like going out? When does the bus leave?

Where
Use: Asking about places
Examples:
Where do you live? Where did you go on vacation?

How (como)
Use: Combined with many words to ask questions about specific characteristics, qualities, quantities, etc. For example: How much - cuanto-(price, quantity), How long -para preguntar por duracion de tiempo (length), How often - con que frecuencia- (frequency)
Examples:
How often do you go to the movies? How long was the film? -How much does it cost?

Which (cual/cuales/que)
Use: Asking to specify a thing or person from a number of things or people
Examples:
Which book did you buy? Which boy won the race?

Why -(porque)
Why did you leave me?

Whose - (de quien)
Whose book is this? - de quien es este libro

Nota:
Los question words se utilizan en pregunta y nada va antes del question words en preguntas. Esto se ve en la forma

QW + A - S- V + C (verbos que no son to be ) QW- verb to be - S + C (para verbos to be)

Where do you study?
--QW--A--S---V (C - complement es opcional)

Where is your favorite actor?
--QW--tobe------------S (C - complement es opcional)

Esto quiere decir que si en castellano tenemos la pregunta ¿Para que es esto? en ingles uno no puede poner for primero
For what is this? (ERROR)
What is this for? (CORRECTO)

Primero va el QW y si hay alguna proposición que va antes en el castellano en el ingles lo ponemos al final de la oración
Acaso nunca se han preguntado por que ¿De donde eres? = Where are you from?
Es por las razones expuestas en las que los Question Words son los que van al comienzo. Los Q.W no son necesarios. Sino hay question words la respuesta es un yes/ no answer.
Do you like mangos? Yes, I do - No, I don't
En cambio cuando hay QW's la respuesta es una oración.
Where do you live? I live in Paris.

Adverbs of Frequency

Use simple present with adverbs of frequency to talk about things that are true in general, or things you do as habits and routines.

Adverbs of frequency
0%------------------------------------------50%-------------100%
never- hardly ever - rarely - occasionaly sometimes -usually-always

Other adverbs:
seldom = rarely ----- often / generally = usually

Position of adverbs of frequency:
In general they go between the subject and the verb
- They always come to class
- He hardly ever asks questions in class.
- Mary never has milk for breakfast (* el verbo has puede ser para comer o tomar)

With the verb to be place the adverb after the verb
- Mary is rarely late for classes.
- I am usually sad when I argue with my wife.

*Sometimes, often and frequently may go at the beginning of the sentences. (*estos pueden ir al comienzo de las oraciones)
- Sometimes I go to eat at McDonalds.

Possessive Adjectives

Clases de ingles (Pronombres - possessive adjectives)

The possessive adjectives are the following:

my, your, his, her, its , our, your, their

These are used to talk about possession. The possessive adjectives need a NOUN (see the pronouns and nouns link in archivos)

my (mi)

your (tu)

his (su- de el)

her (su- de ella)

its (su de objecto) house (NOUN) * Se requiere de un sustantivo (objecto, persona, animal)

your (su de ustedes)

their (su de ellos)

our (nuestro)

Examples:

I studied with my brother.

I wanted to go to his apartment

Did you see their car?

Our food is the best in the world.

ERROR This book is my. My necesita de un sustantivo (my book, my house)

Nota:
No confundir los possessive adjectives con los object pronouns: me, him, her, it, us, you, them. Especialmente con her que esta en los dos grupos pero que puede ser ella o su de ella depende del contexto.

I went to the party with her. (ella) - Fui a la fiesta con ella
I didn't like her house (su - de ella) - No me gusto su casa

Jergas comunes en ingles a - d (SLANGS)

La siguiente es una lista de algunas jergas populares de USA. Se agradece la colaboración de ESL cafe. Algunas pueden ser ofensivas.

Lista de American English Slangs (A-D)

airhead: stupid person.
"Believe it or not, Dave can sometimes act like an airhead!"
ass (2): an unworthy and hated person.
"I cannot be friends when you act like an ass."
awesome: great and impressive.
"Macchu Picchu is truly awesome!"
baby boomer: a person born from the end of the Second World War until the early 1960s.
"Dave Sperling was born in 1961, so he's considered a baby boomer."
ball (1): a fun time.
"I really had a ball in my class."
ball [offensive] (2): a testicle.
"After getting kicked in the balls, his voice seemed much higher."
bang (1): a very powerful thing.
"Disneyland is really a bang!"
bang (2): a powerful effect.
"Japanese sake really has a bang!"
barf (1): vomit.
"My dog barfed all over the carpet."
barf (2): vomit.
"Don't step on the barf!"
barf-out: a displeasing person or affair.
"That restaurant was a real barf-out."
beat: tired.
"I'm really beat because I was awake all night."
biggie: something important.
"I was hoping to get my homework completed, but it's no biggie. "
biker: a motorcycle rider.
"Dave used to be a biker until he got into a serious motorcycle accident."
bitch [offensive] (1): a very unpleasant woman.
"My boss can be such a bitch sometimes."
bitch [offensive] (2): complain.
"Stop bitching and finish your homework!"
bitchy [offensive]: moody.
"I like my friend Steve, even though he can be really bitchy."
bod: body.
"Stalone has a great bod!"
bonkers; go bonkers: crazy.
"If Dave works too hard, he sometimes goes slightly bonkers!"
booze: alcohol.
"The ESL party was fun, even though there wasn't any booze."
boss: excellent; great.
"My teacher is the boss!"
brew (1): coffee.
"Every morning Dave needs a fresh cup of brew."
brew (2): beer.
"Do you want another brew, dude?"
B.S.: bullshit; lies.
"I'm tired of listening to your B.S."
bull: bullshit; lie.
"That's a bunch of bull!"
bullshit [offensive]: lie; dishonesty.
"I don't like people that bullshit me"
buns [possibly offensive]: the rear end; buttocks. => trasero
"Don't stare at my buns!"
cheesy: cheap; outmoded.
"Why are you wearing such cheesy clothes?" = huachafo - anticuado
chicken: coward.
"Don't be such a chicken!"
cool: excellent; superb.
"The party was totally cool!"
couch potato: a person who watches too much television.
"Why did I have to marry such a couch potato?"
crap [offensive] (1): something worthless.
"My furniture is a bunch of cheap crap."
crap [offensive] (2): excrement.
"Yuck! I stepped on dog crap!"
crap [offensive] (3): falsehoods and lies.
"I've had enough of your crap."
dirt: extremely bad person.
"My ex-boyfriend was dirt."
dirty: offensive; pornographic.
"Stop looking at the pictures in that dirty magazine!"
dorky: strange; peculiar.
"If you keep acting so dorky, you'll never get a girlfriend!"
dude: a male/ a guy/ a man
"That's really cool, dude!"
dynamite: powerful; excellent.
"Dave gave a dynamite presentation."

Object Pronouns

The object pronouns are the following
me - you- him - her - it - us - you- them

Do not confuse with Subject Pronouns
I - you - he - she - it - we - you - they

Is I = me? The answer is that it means the same but the rule is different.

¿Cual es la diferencia entre "I" y "me"? ¿Cual es la diferencia entre Subject pronouns y Object pronouns? Pues quiere decir lo mismo pero por regla es distinto. I es cuando va antes del verbo y me es cuando va después del verbo pero los dos se refieren a la primera persona "yo". Los subject pronouns realizan la acción y los object pronouns reciben la acción.

Examples:
Mike loves Julia.
Who does the action? Who recieves the action?

Mike realiza la acción por eso esta antes del verbo "love" así que solo puede ser renombrado por el pronombre "I"Julia recibe la accion así que no puede ser renombrado por "she" sino por "her"

Therefore:> HE loves HER

I - you, he, she, it, we , you , they -------ACTION ----- >>> me, you, him, her, it, you, us, them

They -------went to the park----> with us

He ------studies------------------> with me

I------kissed----> her

Si tienes alguna pregunta de esta clase de ingles déjeme un comentario o escribe al email de la pagina. Estudiar y aprender ingles no te tiene que costar. Solo es cuestión de determinación. Saludos

Some / Any

Some and any must be understood in English and not translated

Some = any

some is for positive sentences (+)*
any is for negative sentences (-) and for Questions (?)

What does some/any mean?

Some/any is an unkown number or a portion of a whole.
Some = algunos , algun

This means that : I want some chicken is I want a portion of chicken.
SOME NO ES ALGUN o ALGUNOS SIEMPRE

Some and any is used in the PLURAL form

Some is used for positive declarative sentences (+)
Any is used for negative (-) and questions (?)

I have some friends - I don't have any houses
Do you have any brothers?
Are there any bathrooms at the mall?

*** Some can be used in questions only when you offer something
- Do you want some beer?
- Would you like some cookies?

Travel - Tourism (Vocabulary)

Airplane Travel
Airplane travel is one of the most common forms to transportation to get to overseas destinations, but making plane reservations and buying plane tickets are only the first steps. You need to know what to do and what to say once you arrive at the airport. Listen to the words below and consult a dictionary if you need a definition. Write a sample sentence for each word to learn how it is used in context. You can use the Internet to find such sentences.

aisle -aisle seat- baggage claim area- boarding area -boarding pass -carry-on luggage -cockpit-emergency exit -flight attendant-gate-lavatory -life jacket -metal detector-overhead-partment
oxygen mask -pilot -seat belt-security checkpoint-security officer -terminal-ticket counter -tray table -window seat -X-ray machine

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Hotel Reservation
Enjoying your travel is much more than finding cheap airfare; you also have to find affordable hotel accommodations that provide the amenities you need and want, whether you are looking for a hotel in Las Vegas to a villa in Italy. Listen to the words below and consult a dictionary if you need a definition. Write a sample sentence for each word to learn how it is used in context. You can use the Internet to find such sentences.

Types of Accommodations
bed and breakfast - guesthouse- hotel -inn -resort -youth hostel

Amenities

cable TV -check -check out -connecting room -continental breakfast -handicapped facilities -hot tub -indoor / outdoor heated pool -kitchen / kitchenette -queen-size bed / king-size bed -restaurant -rollaway bed -room rates -sitting area

Expressions
book a hotel -call the front desk -cancel a reservation -make a reservation -order room service

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There is/are & There was/were

Present Form

It is used to say that something exists.

There is is for singular

There is a chair in the living room.
These isn't a bathroom in the mall
Is there a computer in that classroom?

There are is for plural

There are (some,many) chairs.
There are (some, many) good teachers in that institute.
There aren't (any, many) apples in the fridge.
Are there (any, many) books on the desk?

* There is & there are = "hay" in spanish.

Past Form

It is used to say that something existed or took place

There was is for singular

There was a chair in the living room.
These wasn't a bathroom in the mall
Was there a computer in that classroom?

There were is for plural

There were (some,many) chairs.
There were (some, many) good teachers in that institute.
There weren't (any, many) apples in the fridge.
Were there (any, many) books on the desk?

* There was & there were = "hubo" , "hubieron" in spanish.

Ver clase de SOME y ANY